17 HMR vs 22 WMR: A Comprehensive Comparison
When it comes to rimfire cartridges, the 17 HMR (Hornady Magnum Rimfire) and the 22 WMR (Winchester Magnum Rimfire) are two popular choices for varmint hunting, target shooting, and small game hunting. Both cartridges offer advantages and disadvantages depending on the specific application. This article provides a detailed comparison of the 17 HMR vs 22 WMR, covering their ballistics, accuracy, effective range, cost, and suitability for different purposes.
Overview of 17 HMR
The 17 HMR was introduced in 2002 by Hornady as a flatter-shooting alternative to the 22 WMR. It uses a necked-down 22 WMR case to hold a .17-caliber bullet. The 17 HMR is known for its high velocity and flat trajectory, making it suitable for longer-range shooting where precise bullet placement is crucial. The 17 HMR quickly gained popularity among varmint hunters and target shooters due to its accuracy and reduced wind drift compared to the 22 LR.
Overview of 22 WMR
The 22 WMR, also known as the 22 Magnum, has been around since 1959. It offers a significant power increase over the ubiquitous 22 LR. The 22 WMR is a rimfire cartridge that delivers higher velocities and greater energy, making it a better choice for hunting larger varmints and small game. While not as flat-shooting as the 17 HMR, the 22 WMR still provides a useful trajectory out to moderate ranges. It is a versatile cartridge suitable for various applications.
Ballistics Comparison
Velocity
Velocity is a key factor in determining the effective range and impact energy of a cartridge. The 17 HMR generally has a higher muzzle velocity than the 22 WMR, typically around 2550 fps with a 17-grain bullet. The 22 WMR, on the other hand, usually achieves velocities of around 1875 fps with a 40-grain bullet. This higher velocity gives the 17 HMR a flatter trajectory and less bullet drop at longer distances. However, the heavier bullet of the 22 WMR retains more energy downrange.
Trajectory
Trajectory refers to the path of the bullet in flight. The 17 HMR’s higher velocity results in a flatter trajectory compared to the 22 WMR. This means that the 17 HMR requires less holdover at longer distances, making it easier to hit targets accurately. The 22 WMR has a more curved trajectory, requiring more significant adjustments for range. For example, at 100 yards, the 17 HMR might drop only an inch or two, while the 22 WMR could drop several inches. This difference can be critical in varmint hunting situations where quick, accurate shots are necessary.
Energy
Energy, measured in foot-pounds (ft-lbs), indicates the amount of force the bullet delivers upon impact. While the 17 HMR has a higher velocity, the 22 WMR’s heavier bullet typically carries more energy. A typical 17 HMR round delivers around 245 ft-lbs of energy at the muzzle, while a 22 WMR round delivers around 325 ft-lbs. This difference in energy can be significant when hunting larger varmints or small game, as the 22 WMR is more likely to provide a quick, humane kill. The 22 WMR provides approximately 33% more energy at the muzzle when compared to the 17 HMR.
Accuracy
Accuracy is paramount for any cartridge, especially when used for hunting or target shooting. Both the 17 HMR and 22 WMR are capable of excellent accuracy in the right rifle. The 17 HMR is often praised for its inherent accuracy, with many shooters achieving sub-MOA (minute of angle) groups at 100 yards. The 22 WMR can also be accurate, but it may be more sensitive to ammunition selection and rifle quality. Achieving consistent accuracy with the 22 WMR often requires finding the specific load that performs best in a particular firearm.
Factors influencing accuracy include barrel quality, trigger pull, and shooter skill. A high-quality barrel with consistent rifling can significantly improve accuracy. A crisp, light trigger pull allows for more precise shot placement. And, of course, the shooter’s skill and experience play a crucial role in achieving consistent results.
Effective Range
Effective range refers to the distance at which a cartridge can reliably deliver accurate shots with sufficient energy to achieve the desired result. For the 17 HMR, the effective range is generally considered to be around 150-200 yards for varmint hunting. Beyond this range, the bullet’s energy drops off significantly, and wind drift becomes more pronounced. The 22 WMR has a slightly longer effective range, typically around 125-150 yards. While it may not have the same flat trajectory as the 17 HMR, its heavier bullet retains more energy at longer distances, making it suitable for larger varmints and small game at extended ranges.
The practical effective range also depends on the target size and desired outcome. For small targets like prairie dogs, the 17 HMR’s flatter trajectory can be advantageous. For larger targets like raccoons or foxes, the 22 WMR’s higher energy may be preferred.
Cost and Availability
Cost and availability are important considerations when choosing a cartridge. The 22 WMR is generally more expensive than the 17 HMR, although prices can fluctuate depending on market conditions. Ammunition availability can also vary depending on location and demand. Both cartridges are widely available, but the 22 WMR has been around longer and is often found in a wider variety of loads and bullet types.
The cost per round can significantly impact the overall cost of shooting, especially for high-volume shooters. Target shooters who practice frequently may find the 17 HMR to be a more economical choice. Hunters who only fire a few rounds per trip may be less concerned about the cost difference.
Recoil
Recoil is the backward force felt by the shooter when a firearm is discharged. Both the 17 HMR and 22 WMR have very little recoil, making them suitable for shooters of all ages and experience levels. The 17 HMR has slightly less recoil than the 22 WMR, but the difference is minimal. The low recoil of these cartridges makes them ideal for introducing new shooters to firearms and for extended shooting sessions without fatigue.
Noise Level
Noise level is another factor to consider, especially when hunting in areas with noise restrictions or when shooting near residential areas. The 22 WMR is generally louder than the 17 HMR due to its larger case capacity and heavier bullet. However, both cartridges are relatively quiet compared to centerfire rifles. Using a suppressor can further reduce the noise level of both cartridges, making them more suitable for discreet shooting.
Hunting Applications
Both the 17 HMR and 22 WMR are popular choices for varmint and small game hunting. The 17 HMR is particularly well-suited for prairie dogs, ground squirrels, and other small varmints at longer ranges. Its flat trajectory and high velocity allow for precise shot placement, even in windy conditions. The 22 WMR is a better choice for larger varmints like raccoons, foxes, and coyotes, as well as small game like rabbits and squirrels. Its higher energy provides more knockdown power, ensuring a quick, humane kill. Choosing between the 17 HMR and 22 WMR for hunting depends largely on the size and type of game being pursued, as well as the typical shooting distances involved.
Target Shooting
For target shooting, both the 17 HMR and 22 WMR can be enjoyable and accurate cartridges. The 17 HMR’s flat trajectory makes it easier to hit targets at longer ranges, while the 22 WMR’s slightly lower cost per round can make it more economical for high-volume shooting. Many shooters enjoy using both cartridges for informal target practice, plinking, and competitive shooting events. The choice between the two often comes down to personal preference and the specific type of target shooting being done.
Self-Defense
While both the 17 HMR and 22 WMR can be used for self-defense in a pinch, they are not ideal choices compared to larger-caliber handguns or shotguns. Their relatively low energy and small bullet size make them less effective at stopping threats quickly. However, they can still be used as a last resort in self-defense situations. The 22 WMR, with its higher energy, is generally considered to be a slightly better choice for self-defense than the 17 HMR, but neither cartridge is a substitute for proper self-defense training and equipment.
Rifles Chambered in 17 HMR and 22 WMR
A wide variety of rifles are chambered in both 17 HMR and 22 WMR. Bolt-action rifles are a popular choice for both cartridges due to their accuracy and reliability. Semi-automatic rifles are also available in both calibers, offering faster follow-up shots. The choice of rifle depends on personal preference and the intended use. For hunting, a lightweight, accurate bolt-action rifle is often preferred. For target shooting, a heavier rifle with a more stable platform may be desired. [See also: Best Rimfire Rifles]
Handguns Chambered in 22 WMR
While rifles are more common, handguns are available chambered in 22 WMR, offering a compact and versatile option. Revolvers and semi-automatic pistols are both available in 22 WMR, providing different advantages and disadvantages. Revolvers are generally more reliable and simpler to operate, while semi-automatic pistols offer faster reloading and higher capacity magazines. Handguns chambered in 22 WMR can be used for plinking, target shooting, and self-defense, although they are not as effective as larger-caliber handguns.
Conclusion
In the debate of 17 HMR vs 22 WMR, both cartridges offer unique advantages and disadvantages. The 17 HMR excels in velocity, flat trajectory, and accuracy at longer ranges, making it ideal for small varmints and target shooting. The 22 WMR provides more energy and knockdown power, making it suitable for larger varmints, small game, and self-defense. The choice between the two depends on the specific application, budget, and personal preference. Consider the type of shooting you plan to do, the size of the game you intend to hunt, and the cost and availability of ammunition when making your decision. Ultimately, both the 17 HMR and 22 WMR are versatile and enjoyable cartridges that can provide years of shooting pleasure.
